Breaking the silence: young people’s awareness, knowledge and attitudes towards autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social stigma

Commendation for Significant Achievement

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition which impacts individuals’ ability to communicate, interact in social settings, and their overall behaviour. Despite the growing understanding and misconceptions, the stigma around ASD is present, especially among young people, influencing their opinions and attitudes towards autistic people. Recognising young people’s views towards ASD serves as an essential for encouraging inclusivity and reducing stigma. The study seeks to analyse young people’s awareness, knowledge, and attitudes around ASD, with emphasis on how social stigma impacts their opinions and actions. It is intended to find potential gaps in understanding and explore the factors which influence young people’s views for the purpose of educating future awareness initiatives. The study employed a quantitative research design. Online questionnaires, which incorporated both closed and open- ended questions enabled the collecting of numerical data to disclose general patterns, as well as qualitative insights which represented more comprehensive perspectives of individuals views and experiences. The questionnaire was distributed through social media networks and university connections to individuals aged 18 to 25 years old. This age group was chosen primarily due to their active participation in online settings and their influential role in developing an inclusive society. Findings highlighted that participants had a moderate amount of awareness and knowledge around ASD but there were some gaps in accurate knowledge and understandings. There were also some misconceptions around both the cause and symptoms of ASD. Stigmatising attitudes were generally associated with a lack of education or direct experience, which reflects individuals’ responses. The participants that may have been exposed to ASD through education, personal experiences or employment were more informed on the topic and provided some valuable insights. Overall, the study stresses the need for more inclusive, accurate, and accessible education for young people regarding ASD, to combat persistent stereotypes and disregarding social stigma. The use of educational programs, which promote accurate information and inclusivity can help develop understanding amongst young individuals and provide an enhanced society for everyone.